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Key to Groups
1. All nutlets of fruit smooth and shiny ................................................................................................................................ Krynitzkia Smooth Nutlet Group
1' At least one nutlet of fruit rough: papillate, tuberculate, and/or muricate ........................................................................... Krynitzkia Rough Nutlet Group
Krynitzkia – Smooth Nutlet Group [Note: an asterisk indicates that taxon also appears in the Krynitzkia Rough Nutlet key.]
1. Nutlet asymmetric, ventral groove off–center from nutlet body
2. Nutlet ventral groove strongly off–center, appearing marginal; nutlets 4 per fruit; flowers in elongate inflorescence units ......................................... C. affinis
2' Nutlet attachment scar edges slightly off–center, nearer one margin than the other; nutlet 1 per fruit; flowers in globose inflorescence units ... C. glomeriflora
1' Nutlet symmetric, ventral groove central
3. Some calyx trichomes apically hooked, sometimes basally encrusted with exudate; nutlet 1 per fruit
4. Nutlet lance–ovate with swollen base, rounded margin, and long acuminate (caudate) apex; corolla limb 1–5(6) mm wide; calyx trichomes usually
basally encrusted with exudate; common, widespread ........................................................................................................................................... C. flaccida
4' Nutlet compressed ovate with dorsally flattened base, sharp angled margin, and +/- acute apex; corolla limb 0.5–1(1.5) mm wide; calyx trichomes
not basally encrusted with exudate; uncommon ................................................................................................................................................ C. sparsiflora
3' Calyx trichomes +/– straight, rarely wavy, either erect, spreading, or reflexed, not apically hooked nor basally encrusted with exudate; nutlets 1–4 per fruit
5. Calyx sepal tips with reflexed bristles; corolla limb 0.5–1 mm wide ................................................................................................................ C. nemaclada
5' Calyx sepal tips with bristles mostly spreading or ascending; corolla limb 0.5-7.5 mm wide
6. Sepals 6–10 mm in fruit; longest sepal bristles 3–4 mm in fruit ......................................................................................................................... C. ganderi
6' Sepals 1–6 mm in fruit; longest sepal bristles < 3 mm in fruit
7. Flowers gen subtended by bracts
8. Stems gen prostrate to decumbent, greenish when in fruit; nutlets 3–4 per fruit (all smooth) .................................................................. C. leiocarpa
8' Stems gen erect to ascending, reddish brown when in fruit; nutlet 1 per fruit and smooth (or 2 per fruit, 1 smooth, 1 rough) .............. * C. maritima
7' Flower bracts absent
9. Calyx obconic at base; calyx trichomes dense, straight, ascending, relatively soft, sepal midvein hairs slightly longer, but not bristly ...... C. gracilis
9' Calyx rounded at base, with both appressed, soft trichomes and ascending to spreading, stiff, bristle-like trichomes
10. Sepals ≤ 1 mm in fl, 1–2 mm in fruit ........................................................................................................................................... C. microstachys
10' Sepals > 1 mm in fl, ≥3 mm in fruit
11. Nutlets 1–1.5 mm long, 1–4 per fruit ........................................................................................................................................ C. clevelandii
12. Pedicels 0–0.5 mm, becoming erect, +/- appressed to stem in fruit; calyx (2.5)3–3.5 mm in fruit, narrow at base, sepals linear in fruit;
corolla limb 1–2.5 mm wide; corolla fornices pale yellow; nutlets 1–2 per fruit ....................................... C. clevelandii var. clevelandii
12' Pedicels 0.5–1 mm, +/- inclined, not appressed to stem in fruit; calyx 3–4(4.5) mm in fruit, +/- wide at base, sepals ovate in fruit; corolla limb (2)2.5–5 mm wide; corolla fornices yellow; nutlets 3–4(1) per fruit ............................................ C. clevelandii var. florosa
11' Nutlets 1.5–2 mm long, 4 per fruit
13. Nutlet margin gen rounded throughout, sometimes angled below middle
14. Nutlet lanceolate; ventral groove open at base .................................................................................................................. C. fendleri
14' Nutlet ovate; ventral groove closed throughout ............................................................................................................. C. torreyana
13' Nutlet margin angled (obtuse in cross–section), esp near tip
15. Corolla limb (4)5–7.5 mm wide; nutlets ovate to lance-ovate ...................................................................................... C. mohavensis
15' Corolla limb 2-3 mm wide; nutlets lanceolate to lance-ovate ............................................................................................ C. watsonii
Krynitzkia – Rough Nutlet Group [Note: an asterisk indicates that taxon appears in the Krynitzkia Smooth Nutlet key or in more than 1 couplet.]
1. One or more nutlets of fruit with margin sharp–angled and flattened as a narrow rim or a narrow to broad wing
2. Pedicels 1–4 mm long in fruit; plant annual or perennial
3. Nutlets homomorphic, dorsally tuberculate-papillate, margin with narrow, flattened rim or wing; plant usu. annual, with major central axis;
inflorescence in fruit dense .................................................................................................................................................................................. C. holoptera
3' Nutlets heteromorphic, 1 longer and dorsally papillate to papillate–tuberculate, 2–3 shorter and dorsally papillate–tuberculate, margins with
very narrow, flattened rim; plant perennial (but may flower first year), without major, central axis; inflorescence in fruit open ......................... C. racemosa
2' Pedicels 0–1 mm long in fruit; plant annual
4. Nutlet 1 (rarely 2) per fruit; fruit sepals ovate-elliptic, nutlet margin sharp–angled to rimmed, dorsal tubercles minutely spinulose ................... C. utahensis
4' Nutlets usu. 4 per fruit; fruit sepals linear-lanceolate, nutlet margin winged along entire margin, dorsal tubercles, if present, not spinulose
5. At least some nutlets with prominent, strongly lobed wings .......................................................................................................................... C. pterocarya
6. Nutlets heteromorphic, 3 nutlets winged, 1 not winged
7. Wing of winged nutlets very broad ........................................................................................................................................... C. p. var. pterocarya
7' Wing of winged nutlets narrow, knifelike ..................................................................................................................................... C. p. var. purpusii
6' Nutlets homomorphic, all 4 nutlets with prominent wings ............................................................................................................. C. p. var. cycloptera
5' Nutlets sharp–angled, rimmed, or narrowly winged (not strongly lobed)
8. Nutlets homomorphic
9. Corolla limb 4–9 mm wide; calyx in fruit 3–4 mm long; nutlets 2–2.5 mm long, narrowly winged (wings sometimes toothed),
dorsal surface coarsely tuberculate; flowers ebracteate ............................................................................................................................. C. oxygona
9' Corolla limb 1–3 mm wide; calyx in fruit 4–6 mm long; nutlets 1.5–2 mm long, narrowly winged (wings sharp, never toothed),
dorsal surface finely tuberculate; flowers bracteate (bracts deciduous) ........................................................................................................ C. costata
8' Nutlets heteromorphic by size, one distinctly larger than the other three
10. Nutlet margin rimmed and knife-like to narrowly winged; small nutlets ca. 1.3 mm long .................................................................... C. inaequata
10' Nutlet margin sharp-angled to slightly rimmed (usually rounded); small nutlets ca. 1 mm long ..................................................... * C. angustifolia
1' All nutlets of fruit with margin rounded, ridged, or sharp–angled (acute to obtuse), but not flattened as a rim or wing
11. Nutlets 2-4 per fruit, heteromorphic by size, one nutlet larger than the other(s)
12. Nutlets 4 per fruit, similar in sculpturing
13. Plants erect; nutlets lance–ovate, small nutlets ca. 1 mm long, finely papillate, ventral groove narrow .............................................. * C. angustifolia
13' Plants sprawling; nutlets narrowly lanceolate, small nutlets ca. 2 mm long, tuberculate-papillate, ventral groove wide ........................ C. dumetorum
12' Nutlets 2–4 per fruit, different in sculpturing, the larger nutlet smooth to mostly smooth, the smaller nutlet(s) papillate to tuberculate
14. Nutlets 4 per fr, < 1 mm long, triangular–ovate; flower bracts absent; calyx in fruit sub–globose with hooked trichomes,
sepals 1–1.5 mm long ............................................................................................................................................................................ C. micromeres
14' Nutlets 2 per fruit, 1.5–2 mm long, oblong-lanceolate; flower bracts present, calyx in fruit oblong with straight trichomes,
sepals 2–3 mm long ................................................................................................................................................................................ * C. maritima
11' Nutlets 1-4 per fruit, homomorphic in size and sculpturing
15. Nutlets lanceolate (length:width ratio ≥ 3:1)
16. Nutlet 1 (–2) per fruit
17. Mature fruit strongly recurved from stem; nutlet incurved .................................................................................................................. C. recurvata
17' Mature fruit not recurved from stem; nutlet(s) not incurved
18. Corolla limb 1–1.5 mm wide, deserts ............................................................................................................................................ C. decipiens
18' Corolla limb 3–5 mm wide, cismontane ......................................................................................................................................... C. corollata
16' Nutlets usu. 4 per fruit
19. Calyx 6–10 mm long; nutlets coarsely tuberculate ............................................................................................................................ C. nevadensis
20. Plants 20–60 cm tall; secondary branches sprawling; sepals strongly recurved at tips; corolla limb 1–2 mm wide
.......................................................................................................................................................................... C. nevadensis var. nevadensis
20' Plants <20 cm tall; secondary branches ascending; sepals erect to slightly recurved at tips; corolla limb 2–4 (5) mm wide
................................................................................................................................................................................... C. nevadensis var. rigida
19' Calyx 4–6 mm long; nutlets finely tuberculate–spinulous ..................................................................................................................... C. scoparia
15' Nutlets lance–ovate, ovate, or triangular–ovate (length:width ratio < 3:1)
21. Nutlet dorsal surface with at least a faint median ridge ............................................................................................................................... C. muricata
22. Corolla limb 1–2.5 mm wide; nutlets brownish
23. Stem bearing, from top to below middle, many short, flower–bearing branchlets from a larger, primary axis, forming an elongate,
leafy, thyrse inflorescence ........................................................................................................................................... C. muricata var. jonesii
23' Stem loosely and sparsely branched, without a larger primary axis ..................................................................... C. muricata var. denticulata
22' Corolla limb 3–8 mm wide, nutlets grayish .................................................................................................................. C. muricata var. muricata
21' Nutlet dorsal surface lacking median ridge
24. Corolla limb 3–9 mm wide
25. Sepals 2–3 mm in flower, 3.5–5 mm in fruit ..................................................................................................... C. intermedia var. intermedia
25’ Sepals 4–6 mm in flower, 5–10 mm in fruit ..................................................................................................... C. barbigera var. fergusoniae
24' Corolla limb 1–2 mm wide
26. Nutlets 1–1.5 (1.8) mm long; flowers bracteate; southern Channel Islands ..................................................................................... C. traskiae
26' Nutlets 1.5–3 mm long; flowers ebracteate; mainland
27. Nutlet dorsal face flattened to low–convex, densely papillate, sparsely tuberculate ................................................................. C. simulans
27' Nutlet dorsal face convex, densely tuberculate, papillate or not
28. Nutlets ca. 3 mm long, turbercle tips translucent ................................................................................................................... C. clokeyi
28' Nutlets 1.5–2 mm long, turbercle tips not translucent
29. Calyx in fruit 5–6 mm long; nutlets gen 4, ovate, sculpturing finely tuberculate and papillate; corolla limb 1-1.5 mm wide
..................................................................................................................................................................................... C. echinella
29' Calyx in fruit 5–10 mm long; nutlets 1-4, lanceolate to ovate, sculpturing coarsely tuberculate to muricate, not papillate;
corolla limb 1-2.5 mm wide ................................................................................................................ C. barbigera var. barbigera
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