596 The Evolution of Development 2005.  Syllabus draft. (Definitive syllabus the first day of class)

 

12:30 13:45 T TH  LS 269

 

Cesar Arenas-Mena  arenas@sciences.sdsu.edu X0717

Office hours LS271 or Lab LS216, Anytime or by appointment

 

Course description

 

We will explore how the regulatory functions of development are shaped by evolution and vice versa, how evolution depends on the regulatory fiber of developmental processes.

 

Undergraduate rerequisites:

 

Genetics and Evolution 352.

Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology  366.

Both completed.

 

Optional eadings:

 

From DNA to diversity: molecular genetics and the evolution of animal design. Sean B. Carroll, Jennifer K. Grenier, and Scott D. Weatherbee. Blackwell Science. 2001 or new edition. This way too basic book deals with many of the ideas that will be discussed during the course. The concepts will be further explored with review papers, class material and exercises provided during lectures and on the “blackboard” web page. Please, check the blackboard at least once a week.

 

Genomic regulatory systems: development and evolution. Eric H. Davidson. Academic Press. 2001. Advanced reading. This book explains how the regulatory systems of development work and has interesting reflections about their evolution. The emphasis is on transcriptional regulatory networks and their relevance to the evolutionary process. During the course, some of the illustrative examples of this book will be explored by the reading of the review papers.

 

Some reference books:

 

Developmental Biology. Scott F. Gilbert. Sixth edition. 2000. Sinauer. (Free online @ NCBI)

Embryology: constructing the organism. Scott F. Gilbert and Anne M. Raunio.1997. Sinauer.

Evolution.  Scott Freeman and Jon C. Herron. Pearson Prentice Hall. 2004.

Evolution. Mark Ridley. Third edition. 2003. Blackwell Science.

 

Presentations and discussions

 

All the students should give a talk about a research paper. The list of papers will depend on the number of students enrolled and will be provided before the third portion of the course. Everybody should read the publications before the presentation.

 

Critical reading and written paper:

 

All students will identify a subject in the literature strongly related with the aim of this course and prepare a paper. References in the recommended readings and books are a good starting point. No cheating.

 

Guidelines about papers and presentations will be provided in class.

 

Student learning outcomes in a nut-shell

 

Skills:

 

            Literature retrieval in unfamiliar discipline.

 

            Advanced critical thinking and self-learning skills.

 

            Oral presentations and discussion.

 

Concepts:

 

            Identification of relevant molecular substrate of regulatory entities.

 

Basic understanding of transcriptional regulation, signal transduction and development.

 

Understanding of how the molecular changes in the regulatory machinery translate in evolutionary transformations.

 

Understanding of how the regulatory machinery is shaped by evolutionary processes acting at the population genetics level that eventually derive in major body plan transformations.  

 

Exams

 

There will be a midterm and a final exam. There will be questions about the research and review papers. You have to bring your own copies of the papers to the exam sessions. No books.

 

 

 

Grading

    Grads.                Undergrads.   

 

Exams (midterm and final)                                       60%                    70%          

Critical reading and written paper                            20%                    15%       

Presentation/discussion of research publication   20%                    15%          

 

Scale

 

A =  [95  100%] 

A-=  [90    95%[

B+= [85   90%[

B =  [80   85%[

B-= [75    80%[

C+= [70   75%[

C = [65   70% [

C-= [60   65%[

D = [50   60% [

F < 50%

 

The Evolution of Development

 

The dates of the lectures will be moved as needed, check the blackboard weekly for updates.

To get the online papers you have to be in the SDSU network.

 

Jan 13. Course presentation.

 

EVOLUTION OVERVIEW

           

Jan 15. Bilaterian origins: the Cambrian explosion.

 

Carroll’s Chapter 1.

 

Early animal evolution: Emerging views from comparative biology and geology Science; Washington; Jun 25, 1999; Andrew H Knoll;Sean B Carroll

 

Jan 19. Phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary forces.

Animal evolution: the end of the intermediate taxa?, Pages 104-108
André Adoutte, Guillaume Balavoine, Nicolas Lartillot and Renaud de Rosa

 

THE COMING OF AGE OF MOLECULAR SYSTEMATICS ,  By: Maley, Laura E., Marshall, Charles R., Science, 00368075, 01/23/98, Vol. 279, Issue 5350

 

THE REGULATORY MACHINERY AS IT IS NOW

 

Jan 22. Developmental processes and the genes involved

 

Carroll Chapter 2

 

Jan 26. How embryos work

 

Carroll Chapter 3

 

Jan 29. Microprocessing by transcriptional regulation and signal transduction.

 

Class notes, exercises an illustration with selected examples from:

The hardwiring of development: organization and function of genomic

regulatory systems. Maria I. Arnone1,2 and Eric H. Davidson2,*

 

Three habits of highly effective signaling pathways: principles of transcriptional control by developmental cell signaling. Scott Barolo, and James W. Posakony

 

Feb 3. Genomic regulatory networks

 

Class notes and exercises

 

Regulatory gene networks and the properties of the developmental process.
Davidson EH, McClay DR, Hood L.

 

Feb 5. Exercises

 

Feb 10. Test and exercises

 

THE EVOLUTION OF REGULATORY NETWORKS

 

Feb 12. Inferences about the past

 

Carroll Chapter 4

 

The last common bilaterian ancestor

Douglas H. Erwin and Eric H. Davidson

 

Feb17. Generation of new regulatory functions: Duplication and divergence

 

Generation of evolutionary novelty by functional shift

Maria D. Ganfornina and Diego Sanchez. BioEssays21:432–439, 1999

 

Feb19. Regulatory versus coding evolution.

 

Functional evolution of Hox proteins in arthropods (p 775-779)
Michel Vervoort

 

Evolution of transcriptional regulation

 

Evolution of transcriptional regulation

Diethard Tautz

 

Carroll Chapter 7

 

Feb24. MIDTERM

 

THE SECRET OF THE BILATERIANS (Carroll Chapters 5 and 6)

 

Feb.26 The same genes in different animals: the panbilaterian Hox gene cluster.  

 

Shaping animal body plans in development and evolution by modulation of Hox expression patterns. Gabriel Gellon, William McGinnis

 

Mar.2 Abstract regulatory functions: Hox gene expression in arthropods and chordates.

 

Hox genes and the crustacean body plan. Deutsch JS, Mouchel-Vielh E.

 

Mar.4 Intercalary evolution in ancient regulatory networks.

 

Fins, limbs, and tails: outgrowths and axial patterning in vertebrate evolutionMichael I. Coates, Martin J. Cohn

 

Mar.9 Potential and constraints of the regulatory networks: serial homology.

 

Genetic and developmental bases of serial homology in vertebrate limb evolution. Ilya Ruvinsky and Jeremy J. Gibson-Brown

 

Mar.11 Using evolution to extract genomic information.

 

ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES OF THE PROCESS OUT THERE.

           

. Bilaterian origins: a revolution in molecular abstraction.

 

            . Understanding homology and the evolution of regulatory networks:

 

Central nervous system, dorso-ventral inversion, left-right asymmetry, segmentation, mesoderm, limbs, wings, eyes...

           

. Evolution of small and big changes.

 

. The robustness of development and ecological interactions.

           

. Convergent evolution of pattern formation in plants and animals.

 

. Modifications at any stage of the life cycle: evolution of the life cycles.   

           

 

FINAL.