The Human Body
Fall ‘04
Midterm
I: Study Guide
Chapter 1:
Introduction to the Human Body
Definitions of anatomy, gross anatomy, microanatomy, organization of life, characteristics of life, homeostasis, feedback loops
Chapter 2: The
Chemistry of Life
Atoms, protons, neutrons, electrons, common elements found in living organisms, atomic number, atomic weight (mass), molecules, ions, chemical bonds (covalent, ionic), types of chemical reactions, synthesis, decomposition, characteristics of water, biological molecules, building blocks and functions of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, hydrolysis reactions, dehydration reactions, saturated vs. unsaturated fatty acids, glycerol, monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides, amino acids, peptide bonds, nucleotides
Chapter 3: Cell Structure and Function
Cell functions, cell structures, plasma membrane structure and function, fluid mosaic model, simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis, hypotonic, hypertonic, isotonic, active transport, cytoplasm, chromosome, nucleus, nucleolus, nuclear membrane, function of organelles, importance of compartmentalization of organelles, endoplasmic reticulum (smooth and rough), Golgi apparatus, lysosome, peroxisome, mitochondria, ribosomes, cytoskeleton, transcription, translation
Chapter 4: Tissues
Relationship
of cells and tissues, types of tissues and their specific functions and
characteristics, epithelial tissues, squamous, cuboidal, columnar, stratified,
pseudostratified, simple, transitional, connective tissue, loose connective
tissue, dense connective tissue, cartilage, bone, adipose, blood , muscle
tissue, skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, nerve tissue, tumors
and cancer
Chapter 5: Organs and Organ Systems
Relationship of cell and tissues to organs and organ systems, general
function of the integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, endocrine,
cardiovascular, lymphatic, respiratory, digestive, urinary, and reproductive
systems
Chapter 6: Integumentary System
Structures and function, protection, temperature control, communication,
waste excretion, vitamin D production, skin, epidermis layers, keratin,
melanocytes, pigment, dermis, accessory organs, hair follicles, sebaceous
glands, sweat glands, hypodermis, clinical relevance
Chapter 7: Skeletal
System (maybe)