Don’t
forget that 25% of the exam will be on material from Midterms I-III
1. A countercurrent heat
exchanger_______________
a. would move excessive heat from the body
b. involves a transfer of heat from outgoing
arteries to incoming veins to conserve body heat
c. transfers cool blood from outgoing arteries
to incoming veins to conserve body heat
d. none of the above
2. An example of reabsorption in the kidney
would be______________
a. movement of salt from the glomerulus into
the proximal tubule
b. movement of glucose from the proximal tubule
into the blood
c. transport of metabolized antibiotics into
the tubules
d. movement of water from the blood into the
kidney caused by ADH
3.
Which
of the following is not an important function of the kidneys?
a. filtration
b. reabsorption
c. secretion
d. all of the above are important functions
4. Which is the preferred nitrogenous
excretory product of birds?
a. urea
b.
ammonia
c. uric acid
d. all of the above
5. A marine (saltwater) fish deals osmotic
loss of water by___________
a. excreting a concentrated urine
b. drinking minimal water
c. excreting urea
d. none of the above
6. A freshwater
fish must have a strategy to deal with________
a. excessive water
intake
b. excessive
salt intake
c. underdeveloped
gills
d. dehydration
7. Which of the following is not part of the kidney structure?
a. proximal tubule
b. collecting duct
c. glomerulus
d. vas deferens
8. The ________ transports urine from the kidneys to the __________, while the ________ transports urine to the outside world
a. ureter; collecting duct; urethra
b. ureter; bladder; urethra
c. urethra; bladder; ureter
d. urethra;
seminal vesicle; ureter
9.
A
person with elevated blood sodium levels, may have ______ levels of _________
a.
reduced; thyroid hormone
b.
elevated; glucagon
c.
elevated; aldosterone
d.
reduced; epinephrine
10.
Which
of the following is not included in the classical definition of an endocrine
gland?
a.
produces a hormone that enters the blood
b.
the hormone exerts its effects on a distant target organ
c.
is recognized by target cells by the presence of receptors
d.
communication between two nerve cells
11.
The
target organ for the hormone prolactin is the_____________
a.
pituitary
b.
hypothalamus
c.
mammary gland
d.
heart
12.
Which
of the following hormones regulates our sleep-wake cycle
a.
prolactin
b.
thyroxine
c.
melatonin
d. ACTH
13. Parathyroid
hormone causes an increase in____________
a. blood calcium
levels
b. bone sodium
levels
c. cortisol
production
d. insulin
production
14.
Calcitonin, a hormone produced by the ________, removes calcium from
______and deposits it in ________
a. anterior pituitary; bone; blood
b. parathyroid gland; bone; blood
c. C-cells (thyroid); blood; bone
d. adrenal; blood; bone
15.
_________, produced by the pituitary gland, ________ the water content
of blood
a.
aldosterone; decreases
b.
cortisol; decreases
c.
vasopressin (ADH); increases
d.
epinephrine; decreases
16.
__________, produced by the __________, _________ blood sugar levels
a. glucagon; pancreas; increases
b. insulin; adrenal; increases
c. insulin; pancreas; increases
d. prolactin; posterior pituitary;
decreases
17. Which of the
following hormones would stimulate metabolism?
a. ACTH
b. TSH
c. oxytocin
d. growth hormone
18. Which of the following is not
true about the thyroid axis?
a.
it is composed of the hypothalamus, pituitary, and thyroid glands
b. thyroid hormoe inhibits TSH production
c.
it is a major component of the stress response
d.
a person with a hypothyroid (underactive) condition may be cold
19.
Which
of the following are not characteristic of the stress response?
a.
increased blood sugar levels
b. decreased production of cortisol
c.
increased production of epinephrine
d.
activation of the pituitary gland (ACTH)
20. During
diabetes, blood sugar levels are too _______, because ________ levels are too
______
a. low; glucagon; high
b. high; insulin; low
c. low; insulin; low
d. high; glucagon; low
21. What is (are) the major difference(s)
between the mechanisms of action of steroid and non-steroid hormones?
a.
non-steroid hormones bind to receptors inside the cell
b.
steroid hormones always activate gene expression
c.
non-steroid hormones are slower acting than steroid hormones
d.
both a and b
22.
Hormones________________________________
a. are secreted by endocrine cells into the
blood
b. are chemicals that transmit information
between nerve cells
c. are transported directly from endocrine
glands into nerve cells
d.
none of the above
23.
Which of the following glands is not considered an endocrine
gland?
a.
lymph node
b.
heart
c. pineal
d. pancreas
24.
Implantation
of a fertilized egg occurs in the____________
a.
endometrium
b.
Fallopian tube
c.
vagina
d.
myometrium
25. ________ , produced in
the pituitary, stimulates ovulation
a. TSH
b. GnRH
c. FSH
d. LH
26. Parturition,
or delivery, depends on the production of ___________, produced in the _______
pituitary, which causes uterine muscle contractions.
a. vasopressin;
anterior
b. oxytocin;
posterior
c. GnRH; anterior
d. LH; anterior
27. The site for
follicle development in the female reproductive tract is the__________
a. uterus
b. oviduct
c. ovary
d. vagina
28. The in-home early pregnancy test
kits (EPT) measure urine levels of _____________
a. progesterone
b. human chorionic gonadotropin
c. estrogen
d. FSH
29.
Following ovulation, the structure responsible for progesterone
production is the ______________
a. primary follicle
b. secondary follicle
c. oviduct
d. corpus luteum
30. In the female, the fetus controls the actual timing of
_____________
a. childbirth
b. implantation
c. fertilization
d. ovulation
31. High levels of ___________ in birth
control pills are important because it prevents ovulation by blocking
production of _________________
a.
human chorionic gonadotropin; estrogen
b.
progesterone; LH
c.
progesterone; FSH
d.
LH; progesterone
32. A malfunctioning epididymis would
result in the lack of______________
a. ovum transport
b. sperm maturation
c. semen production
d. ovulation
33. Accessory glands in the male
reproductive tract are responsible for production of __________
a.
sperm
b.
nutrient fluid
c.
testosterone
d.
mitochondria
34.
Acrosomes,
located on sperm are responsible for_____________
a.
production of enzymes to penetrate the egg cell
b. formation of the sperm
tail
c. lubrication
d. none of the above
35. A region of
the male reproductive tract responsible for the transport of sperm is called
the ________________
a. Fallopian tube
b. seminiferous
tubule
c. prostate gland
d. vas deferens
36.
Sperm production occurs in the _____________ of the testes
a.
vas deferens
b. epididymis
c.
seminiferous tubules
d.
seminal vesicle gland
37.
The
seminiferous tubules are a component of the_____________
a.
testes
b. oviduct
c.
prostate gland
d.
epididymis
38.
GnRH
from the _________ stimulates release of __________ from the anterior pituitary
gland, which is responsible for sperm production
a. hypothalamus; FSH
b. hypothalamus; LH
c. posterior pituitary; FSH
d. hypothalamus; TSH
39. Which endocrine organ produces a hormone that lowers blood pressure?
a. adrenal
b. pituitary
c. pancreas
d. heart
40. During summer break, I will______________
a. relax
b. vacation
c. visit with family and friends
d. any of the above