1. Neurons responsible for moving impulses from one part of the central nervous system to another are called _________________.
a. interneurons
b. sensory neurons
c. motor neurons
d. synapses
e. neurotransmitters
2. Hypothyroidism results from a deficiency in the production of the hormone thyroxin by the thyroid gland. Which of the following might produce such a condition?
a. a deficiency of the mineral iodine.
b. a deficiency of the hormone GH.
c. an over abundance of the hormone LH.
d. a deficiency of the hormone TSH.
e. both a and d above.
3. Food moves from the mouth to the stomach due to muscular contractions of the esophagus called ______.
a. filtration
b. mastication
c. vasoconstriction
d. peristalsis
e. diastole
4. Damaged platelets release a chemical called ________ which initiates the clotting reactions.
a. acetylcholine
b. carbonic anhydrase
c. FSH
d. thrombokinase
e. oxyhemoglobin
5. In the nephron, the reabsorption of molecules such as glucose, amino acids and vitamins occurs through the active transport of these molecules by cells lining the ______________.
a. glomerulus
b. glomerular capsule
c. collecting duct
d. convoluted tubule
e. renal pelvis
6. In the human lung, gas exchange between the circulatory system and the environment occurs in small, highly vascularized air pockets called ________________.
a. arterioles
b. alveoli
c. spiracles
d. tracheoles
e. bronchi
7. In order for males to produce sperm, specialized tissues in the testes must be chemically stimulated by _____.
a. FSH
b. testosterone
c. GnRH
d. both a and b
e. both a and c
8. Following orgasm, both males and females enter a refractory period during which further arousal and orgasm is not possible. TRUE or FALSE?
a. True
b. False
9. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of human red blood cells.
a. they are anucleate
b. they play an important role in the immune response
c. they have a "lifespan" of about 120 days
d. they contain molecules of hemoglobin
e. they are produced in bone marrow stem cells
10. Excess glucose in the blood is converted to glycogen which, in turn, is stored in muscle tissue and in the organ called the _____________.
a. liver
b. spleen
c. kidney
d. pancreas
e. spleen
11. Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colorless, odorless gas that is potentially lethal to humans because it ________.
a. blocks synaptic transmission of neurons
b. inhibits the release of carbonic anhydrase
c. binds with hemoglobin and prevents oxygen from being delivered to the cells
d. prevents the release of carbon dioxide from the blood into the environment
e. none of the above
12. Metabolism of proteins, amino acids and nucleic acids by insects, reptiles and birds produces what nitrogenous waste molecule?
a. ammonia
b. uric acid
c. urea
d. bile
e. guanine
13. Small vesicles located at the ends of axons contain powerful chemicals called ____ which are responsible for transmitting nerve impulses from neuron to neuron.
a. carbonic anhydrases
b. thrombokinases
c. ampetamines
d. myelins
e. neurotransmitters
14. The hormone insulin is secreted by endocine tissues in the pancreas called _________________.
a. Leydig cells
b. islets of Langerhans
c. loops of Henle
d. stem cells
e. seminal vesicles
15. Carnivorous mammals such as dogs and cats possess well-developed ______________ teeth that are designed for tearing flesh.
a. incisor
b. pre-molar
c. molar
d. wisdom
e. canine
16. In using birth control pills for contraception, pills are taken for 21 days and then not taken for 7 days so that ____________________ can occur.
a. ovulation
b. implantation
c. menstruation
d. menopause
e. follicle development
17. Under normal circumstances, fertilization of an ovum by a sperm occurs in the _________________.
a. ovary
b. oviduct
c. uterus
d. vagina
e. cervix
18.The basic functional unit of the human nervous system is a structure called the _______________.
a. axon
b. nephron
c. neuron
d. synapse
e. Schwann cell
19. Contractions of the uterus and the ejection of milk from mammary glands are both processes under the control of the hormone called ________________.
a. prolactin
b. oxytocin
c. LH
d. glucagon
e. serotonin
20. The __________ system reclaims fluids that have "leaked out" of capillaries by returning the fluids to the circulatory system.
a. excretory
b. endocrine
c. digestive
d. respiratory
e. lymphatic
21. In the digestive process, the liver secetes a material called ________ which aids in the breakdown of fats.
a. trypsin
b. bile
c. amylase
d. pancreatic juice
e. chyme
22. In the respiratory system of insects, air containing oxygen enters the body through valve-like openings in the skin called ______________.
a. spiracles
b. tracheoles
c. bronchioles
d. villi
e. collecting ducts
23. Because the body fluids of freshwater fishes contain more dissolved ions than the water in which they live, these fish gain water from their environment by osmosis. They compensate for this water gain by _______.
a. not drinking water while eating
b. using specialized cells in the gills to "pump" the excess water back out of their bodies
c. producing large quantities of dilute urine
d. all of the above
e. both a and c above.
24. The actions of the hallucinogenic drug LSD and the botulin toxin are similar in that both _______________.
a. block the release of a neurotransmitter
b. increase the amount of neurotransmitter released
c. prevent released neurotransmitters from being deactivated
d. mimic the effect of neurotransmitters, which they resemble chemically
e. destroy myelin sheaths in Schwann cells
25. During the excitement phase of sexual arousal in females, a phenomenon known as "vaginal sweating" occurs due to ______________.
a. secretions of specialized glands in vaginal tissue
b. vasocongestion in tissues surrounding the vagina
c. myotonia of muscles in the pelvic region
d. rhythmic contractions of the pelvic tissues
e. special hormones released by the ovaries
26. _____________ is a form of asexual reproduction in which new individuals develop from unfertilized female gametes.
a. parthenogenesis
b. fragmentation
c. iteroparity
d. semelparity
e. oogenesis
27. Which of the following is secreted by the
adrenal glands in humans?
a. prolactin
b. anti-diuretic hormone
c. glucocorticoids
d. GnRH
e. glucagon
28. In the nephron, blood under twice the normal pressure is force out of a capillary bed called a __________ and into the convoluted excretory tubule.
a. cortex
b. loop of Henle
c. collecting duct
d. glomerulus
e. alveolus
29. The majority of the carbon dioxide produced by cellular respiration is transported by the circulatory system _______________.
a. dissolved in the plasma
b. bound to hemoglobin
c. as bicarbonate ions
d. as carbon monoxide
e. as carbonic acid
30. Five to six days after it is formed, a human embryo arrives in the uterus and begins burrowing into the lining of the uterus. This burrowing process is called ______________.
a. placentation
b. conception
c. fertilization
d. ovulation
e. implantation
31. Which of the following terms would NOT
apply to the reproductive strategy displayed by humans?
a. semelparous
b. high parental care of offspring
c. small number of offspring per reproductive effort
d. iteroparous
e. all of the above DO apply to humans.
32. The pH of blood plasma is maintained at 7.4 by protein molecules dissolved in the plasma called ____________ which control the concentration of H+ ions in the plasma.
a. thrombokinase
b. buffers
c. carbonic anhyrdrase
d. acetylcholine
e. lymph
33. In terms of human nutritional requirements, protein can be considered a (an) _________________.
a. organic precursor
b. energy source
c. vitamin
d. mineral
e. both a and b
34. Following the release of a mature ovum, the ruptured follicle is transformed into a structure with important endocrine functions called a _______________.
a. corpus luteum
b. corpora cavernosa
c. placenta
d. Graafian follicle
e. epididymas
35. The physiological effects of adrenalin (epinephrine) are seen within seconds of its release. The fast action of this molecule can be attributed to the fact that it is a ________________ hormone.
a. steroid
b. pituitary
c. peptide
d. mineralocorticoid
e. sex
36. In the human heart, the right atrium receives blood returning from the head, arms and chest via a large vein called the __________________.
a. aorta
b. inferior vena cava
c. pulmonary vein
d. superior vena cava
e. carotid vein
37. Parkinson's disease is associated with a deficiency of a neurotransmitter called _____________.
a. dopamine
b. acetylcholine
c. serotonin
d. norepinephrine
e. GnRh
38. Which of the following is the "respiratory surface" of an earthworm?
a. lungs
b. tracheoles
c. gills
d. integument
e. alveoli
39. In the human excretory system, urine in the bladder passes out of the body through a tube-like structure called the _________________.
a. ureter
b. urethra
c. convoluted tubule
d. nephron
e. collecting duct
40. The ____________ is the opening at the bottom of the uterus.
a. cervix
b. endometrium
c. perimetrium
d. myometrium
e. clitoris
41. White blood cells are _________________ red blood cells.
a. larger than
b. smaller than
c. the same size as
d. less abundant than
e. both a and d
42. "Dr. Atkin's Diet Revolution" is based upon the action of something called "fat mobilizing hormone." In reality, this hormone is a ____________.
a. peptide hormone
b. gonadotropin
c. glucocorticoid
d. mineralocorticoid
e. hoax
43. Hemoglobin consists of four polypeptide chains and a "heme" group. The major component of this heme group is __________________.
a. iodine
b. iron
c. riboflavin
d. niacin
e. oxygen
44. Receptors in your body determine that sodium concentration in you blood is too low. Your body responds by ___________________.
a. releasing more aldosterone
b. releasing more ADH
c. releasing more oxytocin
d. both a and b
e. both a and c
45. Nerves consisting only of motor neurons and whose effectors are organs and glands are part of the ______ nervous system.
a. autonomic
b. somatic
c. peripheral
d. voluntary
e. interneuronal
46. In response to low levels of glucose in the bloodstream, one's body would secrete more _________.
a. insulin
b. prolactin
c. glucagon
d. LH
e. thyroxin
47. Honey bees utilize a reproductive mode in which unfertilized eggs develop into male "drone" bees and fertilized eggs develop into female "worker" bees. This phenomenon is called ____________.
a. unisexual reproduction
b. haplodiploidy
c. iteroparity
d. semelparity
e. fragmentation
48. Following orgasm, both males and females enter a "refractory period" during which further arousal and orgasm are not possible. TRUE or FALSE?
a. True
b. False
49. The movements of the heart are regulated and synchronized by a bundle of nerve tissue on the right atrium called the __________________.
a. medulla oblongata
b. sinoatrial node
c. pericardium
d. aorta
e. atrioventricular valve
50. Which of the following is NOT produced by the human female ovary?
a. estrogen
b. ova
c. FSH
d. progesterone
e. all of the above ARE produced by the ovary.