Lab 2
Geol 300: Word processing, HTML, and a little Unix
Due
February 7
Goals: Learn how to
create a simple document using Microsoft word on either a PC or a Mac. Create a simple web-page and transfer it to
rohan.
Stuff
to be completed/handed in:
1) A
Word document with answers to the various questions in this lab, as well as
the equation and table and the URL of your new web-page.
(50%)
2) A
web-page that I can look at on rohan. (40%)
3)
An email telling me
where the web-page is on rohan. (10%)
Part 1. Microsoft Word
Note
– I will try to write these instructions so that they work for both CSL 427 and
the computer lab in the geology building (GMCS 244). You should have (and will
need) card key access to this room. If you do not, see me. To log into the
computers in the PC lab, you may need the username “geolab” with the password
“baja”. You may want to print out the lab in the PC lab or at home. Most of the
computers are PC but there are also several Mac’s and some Unix boxes. The goal
here is to start using word (if you haven’t already) and learn how to use help.
PC
Go
to the start button (lower left), programs, microsoft office, word.
Mac
These
are new machines and there are four of them in the computer lab. They have a
big apple on the side. Try starting word on them. Use the bar at the left. Move
the mouse over the icons to figure out which one is word.
Try
clicking on the X11 icon. This should open up a terminal window. Type “ls” – it
should work the same as a Unix machine (which it is at a low level). You can
also use the ftp command, for example “ftp rohan”.
Using Word
You
should see a large window open with the words "Microsoft Word" at the
top.
1.) Type in your name and date. Align it to the right. Type in something
else- at least three lines. Select it. Copy it and paste it twice. Select each
version and change the font and size. Also make one line bold and one italic and
one italic and underline.
2.) Go under help –Microsoft word help - index - type in page – then read the
section on creating web-pages. Note that there are several options that may
come up under help, depending on whether the assistant is enabled. Pick the one
that you like best.
3.) Go under help ŕ index - type in equation
and follow the directions to run Microsoft equation editor. Type in this
equation (equations may not be visible in “normal” layout [under view]).
Bonus points: what is S?
4.) Create the following table (3 rows by 3 columns with the last column
half the width of the others).
|
X |
0 |
0 |
|
0 |
X |
0 |
|
X |
0 |
X |
Either go under table and try it or try
using help.
5) Images. Importing images into word from other programs. This can be
useful. One way on a PC, try cntl- PrintScreen (whole screen) (or cntrl-alt
PrintScrn – individual window), then Edit, paste special. What does this do? Then
if you right-click on the image, you get a menu to resize or change the layout.
A frequent problem is having the image ‘jump’ around to places that you don’t
want on the page. Changing the layout to ‘tight’ is sometimes useful.
6.) Fire up internet explorer, go to google (www.google.com),
then do a search on “Microsoft word
tricks”. Find one and try it. Explain what it does in your lab and show an
example, if possible. For example, what does typing “=rand(4,5)” do?
7) Name one difference between word on a PC and word on a Mac.
7.) Printing. If you are in the PC lab, you can print directly to the
printers (assuming it has ink and paper, which isn’t always the case). If you
are CSL 427, you have several options. You can save the file to a zip or memory
stick, email the file to yourself, or transfer it to rohan using ftp. Your
call.
Part 2.
Web-page creation.
Note: There are several zillion
web-creation programs available. Some are free and some cost money. Web-pages
require that the content is written in a language named HTML. This can be typed
in directly or created with a program. We will use word to automatically create
the web-page at first, since we are already using word. It’s not the best way but is quick and easy. To
make a web-page, we need to create a file named index.html (or index.htm) and
put it in a directory named public_html on your rohan account with the proper
permissions. It will then appear as a web-page. Files named index.html (or
index.htm) are automatically placed as the top file in your web-page.
In word, open a new file and type in your name and center
it. Under file use "save as
HTML" and name it index.html. (note that files left on the desktop may get
deleted after a few days).
Start up your favorite browser (e.g. netscape or internet explorer)
- open page - choose file and then
find your file (this may be tricky) and load it (On a Mac, go under open page). What does it look like? Go
back to word and add a few words and save. Hit reload on the browser. Alternately,
you can click on your directory and then double-click on the file to start the
browser.
Under
file, open your lab assignment. If
you go under window, you should be
able to switch back and forth between the two files within Word. Select the
equation and copy it from your lab assignment. Then paste it into the word
version of the html file. Save the file as “index.html”, then reload it in the
browser. Do the same for the table. You can also switch between Word and
Netscape.
Setting up a homepage
on rohan.
Start up Netscape or Internet explorer and go to the URL http://www.rohan.sdsu.edu/permis.html.
This shows the same information as in the lab, but may be easier to follow.
Now
we want to transfer the file to the machine “rohan” so that we can start
building a web-page. First, we need to do to set file permissions on rohan so
that people can see your web-page.
Logging
in to rohan.
On
PC’s go to start, run, and then type telnet
rohan. This should open a window
which will allow you to login into rohan. On Mac, try opening an X11 terminal
(click on X11 at the side), then type telnet rohan.
You
should see something like this:
SunOS 5.6
This system is for the use of
authorized users only. Individuals using
this computer system without authority, or in violation of state or federal
laws are subject to having their activities monitored by law enforcement
officials
login:
Type in your username and password for rohan. You should see
some message and then:
rohan%
Rohan is unix. It is a “command line” operating system (at
least, using telnet). You need to type in what you want to do using commands.
This may seem like a pain in the neck compared to using a mouse, but once you
know it, it has significant advantages. Trust me.
Type
in “ls” and hit return.
rohan % ls
This
shows the file in your directory. Now type in “ls –l”
Rohan% ls –l
rohan% ls -l
total 264
drwx------ 2 rmellors rmellors 512
-rw-r--r-- 1 rmellors rmellors 187
drwx--x--x 6 rmellors rmellors 512 May 26
drwx------ 2 rmellors rmellors 512 May 19
This
shows information about all the files in the directory (it will be different
for you).
The
first column shows permissions, the third column shows the owner, the fifth
column shows the size of the file, and the last column shows the name. What do
you think the sixth column shows?
But
it shows an important feature of Unix, that commands have many variants. Now
type “man ls”. This should bring up text that looks like this (hit spacebar to
continue).
rohan%
man ls
Reformatting page. Wait... done
User Commands
ls(1)
NAME
ls - list contents of directory
SYNOPSIS
/usr/bin/ls [ -aAbcCdfFgilLmnopqrRstux1 ]
[ file... ]
/usr/xpg4/bin/ls [ -aAbcCdfFgilLmnopqrRstux1
] [ file... ]
DESCRIPTION
For each file that is a directory, ls
lists the contents of
the
directory; for each file that is an ordinary file, ls
repeats its name and any other
information requested. The
output
is sorted alphabetically by
default. When no argu-
ment is
given, the current
directory is listed.
When
several
arguments are given, the arguments are first sorted
appropriately, but file arguments appear
Files in Unix are stored in things called directories, which
are basically the same thing as folders. We want to make a directory named
“public_html”. The command to make directories is “mkdir”. Type “mkdir
public_html”. Now do an “ls”. You should see the new directory “public_html”
appear. Now we want to go into the directory using the command “cd” (as in
change directory”). Type “cd public_html”. You are now in the new directory.
Now we want to transfer the html file (your new webpage that
you created using word) from the PC (or Mac) to rohan. We will use a special program(s) (ftp, ws_ftp,
fetch) to connect from one computer to another. I will show two options for
transferring files from a PC to unix. The first option, ftp, is more
complicated but should work on all PCs. The second option, ws_ftp, is a
graphical version but may not be installed on all PC’s.
ftp
On the PC, go to start, run. Type in “ftp rohan”, then login
with your username and password. Then, in ftp, type “cd public_html”. This
changes the directory of the ftp program. Then type “put index.html “. This
puts the file from the PC to rohan. If you get a “file not found” you may be
ftp’ing from the wrong directory on the PC.
Try “lcd d:\” at the ftp prompt to fix.
ws_ftp
On the PC, go to start and find ws_ftp on the list of
programs. Start it and it will ask you for a host, username, and password. Type
in the correct answers and you should see two boxes with files listed. The box
on the right represents the “remote” machine (in this case rohan) and the box
on the left is the “local” machine (your PC). You want to transfer files from
the PC to rohan, so highlight the file on the PC and click on the transfer
arrow pointing to the remote machine.
Mac
On a Mac, open a terminal and ftp to rohan. It should work
the same as in the PC ftp example.
Now the files are on rohan. Now, we need to set permissions.
Remember, permissions control who can read what files. We need to set the
permissions so that anyone can read (but not write or change) your files. In
the directory “public_html”, type “chmod 644 filename”. (644 is obscure Unix
syntax for the permissions you need). Now type “cd ..” [This moves up a
directory] and do an “ls –l”. Now type “chmod 711 public_html”. This changes
the permissions on the directory also. Finally, type “chmod 711 ~”. This
changes the permissions on your home directory. See also the URL.
Now, if you type in the URL
“http:/www.rohan.sdsu.edu/~username” where username is your username, the
web-page should appear….Send me email when done.