AFFECTIVE LEXICAL DECISION STUDIES EMPLOYING
NONDEPRESSED INDIVIDUALS
|
Descriptive Information |
Proportion of |
|||
|
Average |
Female |
|||
|
Included studies |
SOA |
Instrument |
Age |
Participants |
|
Bradley et al. (1994) |
4000 |
STAI-trait(rBDI) |
|
|
|
Bray (1984) |
INF |
BDI |
24.00 |
0.48 |
|
Challis & Krane (1988) |
2000 |
BDI->MAACL(mood) |
|
0.63 |
|
Conway & Berkerian (1987) |
INF |
NONE |
|
0.66 |
|
Matthews & Southall (1991) -- long |
1500 |
BDI; FEIGHNER CRT |
|
0.70 |
|
Ruiz & Moreno (1992) |
1000 |
BDI |
|
1.00 |
|
Stip et al. (1994) |
INF |
DSM-III, RDC, HAM |
35.00 |
|
|
Studies not included |
|
|||
|
Williamson et al. (1991) |
176 |
NONE |
|
0.00 |
|
Macleod Tata & Mathews (1987) |
INF |
HOSPITALIZED |
|
|
|
Hill & Kemp-Wheeler (1989) |
INF |
STAI-trait |
|
0.50 |
|
Matthews & Southall (1991) -- short |
240 |
BDI; FEIGHNER CRT |
|
|
|
Stip et al. (1992) |
INF |
DSM-III, RDC, HAM |
35.00 |
|
|
Aggregate Information |
||||
|
from coded studies |
|
Stimuli |
Raw Data |
|||||||
|
# stim |
# stim |
# stim |
mean |
st dev |
mean |
st dev |
||
|
Included studies |
neutral |
neg |
pos |
rt neut |
rt neut |
rt neg |
rt neg |
n |
|
Bradley et al. (1994) |
36.0 |
36.0 |
36 |
590.0 |
59.0 |
595.0 |
81.0 |
26 |
|
Bray (1984) |
10.0 |
10.0 |
10 |
710.0 |
110.0 |
720.0 |
100.0 |
39 |
|
Challis & Krane (1988) |
18.0 |
18.0 |
18 |
903.0 |
148.0 |
841.0 |
167.0 |
13 |
|
Conway & Berkerian (1987) |
12.0 |
3.0 |
3 |
|
|
680.0 |
123.7 |
21 |
|
Matthews & Southall (1991) -- long |
80.0 |
80.0 |
80 |
691.0 |
95.6 |
709.0 |
93.1 |
10 |
|
Ruiz & Moreno (1992) |
|
12.0 |
12 |
|
|
1017.3 |
201.1 |
11 |
|
Stip et al. (1994) |
28.0 |
28.0 |
714.0 |
82.5 |
706.0 |
85.4 |
24 |
|
|
Studies not included |
|
|||||||
|
Williamson et al. (1991) |
13.0 |
13.0 |
13 |
863.0 |
|
817.0 |
|
16 |
|
Macleod Tata & Mathews (1987) |
31.0 |
31.0 |
31 |
646.0 |
|
656.0 |
|
20 |
|
Hill & Kemp-Wheeler (1989) |
|
|
40 |
|
|
|
|
16 |
|
Matthews & Southall (1991) -- short |
80.0 |
80.0 |
80 |
731.0 |
137.6 |
760.0 |
127.9 |
10 |
|
Stip et al. (1992) |
28.0 |
28.0 |
714.0 |
84.0 |
706.0 |
87.3 |
24 |
|
|
Aggregate Information |
4.55 |
|||||||
|
from coded studies |
Q (df=4) |
|
Negative v. Neutral Contrast – Raw Metric |
|||||||
|
samp |
|||||||
|
Included studies |
var Di |
var Di |
SE |
Di |
Dub |
Dlb |
Sig |
|
Bradley et al. (1994) |
2355.46 |
90.59 |
9.52 |
5.00 |
23.66 |
-13.66 |
|
|
Bray (1984) |
4407.60 |
113.02 |
10.63 |
10.00 |
30.84 |
-10.84 |
|
|
Challis & Krane (1988) |
10039.79 |
772.29 |
27.79 |
-62.00 |
-7.53 |
-116.47 |
* |
|
Conway & Berkerian (1987) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Matthews & Southall (1991) -- long |
2542.90 |
254.29 |
15.95 |
18.00 |
49.26 |
-13.26 |
|
|
Ruiz & Moreno (1992) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Stip et al. (1994) |
765.52 |
31.90 |
5.65 |
-8.00 |
3.07 |
-19.07 |
|
|
Studies not included |
|
||||||
|
Williamson et al. (1991) |
|
|
|
-46.00 |
|
|
|
|
Macleod Tata & Mathews (1987) |
|
|
|
10.00 |
|
|
|
|
Hill & Kemp-Wheeler (1989) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Matthews & Southall (1991) -- short |
6546.89 |
654.69 |
25.59 |
29.00 |
79.15 |
-21.15 |
|
|
Stip et al. (1992) |
2882.45 |
120.10 |
10.96 |
-8.00 |
13.48 |
-29.48 |
|
|
Aggregate Information |
3638.01 |
17.71 |
4.21 |
-2.07 |
6.18 |
-10.31 |
|
|
from coded studies |
60.32 |
V. |
D. |
|
Negative v. Neutral Contrast – Standardized Metric |
||||||
|
Included studies |
di |
vi |
SE(di) |
di_ub |
di_lb |
Sig |
|
Bradley et al. (1994) |
0.10 |
0.08 |
0.28 |
0.65 |
-0.44 |
|
|
Bray (1984) |
0.15 |
0.05 |
0.23 |
0.60 |
-0.29 |
|
|
Challis & Krane (1988) |
-0.62 |
0.16 |
0.40 |
0.17 |
-1.41 |
|
|
Conway & Berkerian (1987) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Matthews & Southall (1991) -- long |
0.36 |
0.20 |
0.45 |
1.24 |
-0.53 |
|
|
Ruiz & Moreno (1992) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Stip et al. (1994) |
-0.29 |
0.08 |
0.29 |
0.28 |
-0.86 |
|
|
Studies not included |
||||||
|
Williamson et al. (1991) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Macleod Tata & Mathews (1987) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Hill & Kemp-Wheeler (1989) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Matthews & Southall (1991) -- short |
0.36 |
0.20 |
0.45 |
1.24 |
-0.53 |
|
|
Stip et al. (1992) |
-0.15 |
0.08 |
0.29 |
0.42 |
-0.72 |
|
|
Aggregate Information |
-0.02 |
0.02 |
0.13 |
0.24 |
-0.29 |
|
|
from coded studies |
d. |
v. |
|
Positive v. Neutral Contrast – Raw Metric |
|||||||
|
samp |
|||||||
|
Included studies |
var Di |
var Di |
SE |
Di |
Dub |
Dlb |
Sig |
|
Bradley et al. (1994) |
3264.31 |
125.55 |
11.20 |
-15.00 |
6.96 |
-36.96 |
|
|
Bray (1984) |
8620.04 |
221.03 |
14.87 |
-20.00 |
9.14 |
-49.14 |
|
|
Challis & Krane (1988) |
17547.37 |
1349.80 |
36.74 |
-76.00 |
-3.99 |
-148.01 |
* |
|
Conway & Berkerian (1987) |
|||||||
|
Matthews & Southall (1991) -- long |
5287.00 |
528.70 |
22.99 |
10.00 |
55.07 |
-35.07 |
|
|
Ruiz & Moreno (1992) |
|||||||
|
Stip et al. (1994) |
|||||||
|
Studies not included |
|||||||
|
Williamson et al. (1991) |
-51.00 |
||||||
|
Macleod Tata & Mathews (1987) |
-16.00 |
||||||
|
Hill & Kemp-Wheeler (1989) |
|||||||
|
Matthews & Southall (1991) -- short |
4417.38 |
441.74 |
21.02 |
10.00 |
51.19 |
-31.19 |
|
|
Stip et al. (1992) |
|||||||
|
Aggregate Information |
1.4245554 |
66.13 |
8.13 |
-16.3575 |
-0.42 |
-32.30 |
* |
|
from coded studies |
Q (df=3) |
V. |
D. |
||||
|
Positive v. Neutral Contrast – Standardized Metric |
||||||
|
di |
vi |
SE(di) |
di_ub |
di_lb |
Sig |
|
|
Included studies |
-0.26 |
0.08 |
0.28 |
0.28 |
-0.81 |
|
|
Bradley et al. (1994) |
-0.22 |
0.05 |
0.23 |
0.23 |
-0.66 |
|
|
Bray (1984) |
-0.57 |
0.16 |
0.40 |
0.21 |
-1.36 |
|
|
Challis & Krane (1988) |
||||||
|
Conway & Berkerian (1987) |
0.14 |
0.20 |
0.45 |
1.02 |
-0.74 |
|
|
Matthews & Southall (1991) -- long |
||||||
|
Ruiz & Moreno (1992) |
||||||
|
Stip et al. (1994) |
||||||
|
Studies not included |
||||||
|
Williamson et al. (1991) |
||||||
|
Macleod Tata & Mathews (1987) |
||||||
|
Hill & Kemp-Wheeler (1989) |
0.15 |
0.20 |
0.45 |
1.03 |
-0.73 |
|
|
Matthews & Southall (1991) -- short |
||||||
|
Stip et al. (1992) |
-0.24 |
0.0229844 |
0.15 |
0.06 |
-0.54 |
|
|
Aggregate Information |
d. |
v. |
||||
|
from coded studies |
||||||
|
Positive v. Negative Contrast – Raw Metric |
|||||||
|
Included studies |
var Di |
samp var Di |
SE |
Di |
Dub |
Dlb |
Sig |
|
Bradley et al. (1994) |
3886.16 |
149.47 |
12.23 |
-20.00 |
3.96 |
-43.96 |
|
|
Bray (1984) |
7210.40 |
184.88 |
13.60 |
-30.00 |
-3.35 |
-56.65 |
* |
|
Challis & Krane (1988) |
17712.60 |
1362.51 |
36.91 |
-14.00 |
58.35 |
-86.35 |
|
|
Conway & Berkerian (1987) |
19404.07 |
924.00 |
30.40 |
-1.02 |
58.56 |
-60.60 |
|
|
Matthews & Southall (1991) -- long |
2625.12 |
262.51 |
16.20 |
-8.00 |
23.76 |
-39.76 |
|
|
Ruiz & Moreno (1992) |
23136.43 |
2103.31 |
45.86 |
-91.45 |
-1.56 |
-181.34 |
* |
|
Stip et al. (1994) |
|||||||
|
Studies not included |
|||||||
|
Williamson et al. (1991) |
-5.00 |
||||||
|
Macleod Tata & Mathews (1987) |
-26.00 |
||||||
|
Hill & Kemp-Wheeler (1989) |
|||||||
|
Matthews & Southall (1991) -- short |
4097.38 |
409.74 |
20.24 |
-19.00 |
20.67 |
-58.67 |
|
|
Stip et al. (1992) |
|||||||
|
Aggregate Information |
1.7064011 |
54.94 |
7.41 |
-20.95613 |
-6.43 |
-35.48 |
* |
|
from coded studies |
Q (df=5) |
V. |
D. |
||||
|
Positive v. Negative Contrast – Standardized Metric |
||||||
|
Included studies |
di |
vi |
SE(di) |
di_ub |
di_lb |
Sig |
|
Bradley et al. (1994) |
-0.32 |
0.08 |
0.28 |
0.23 |
-0.87 |
|
|
Bray (1984) |
-0.35 |
0.05 |
0.23 |
0.09 |
-0.80 |
|
|
Challis & Krane (1988) |
-0.11 |
0.15 |
0.39 |
0.66 |
-0.87 |
|
|
Conway & Berkerian (1987) |
-0.01 |
0.10 |
0.31 |
0.60 |
-0.61 |
|
|
Matthews & Southall (1991) -- long |
-0.16 |
0.20 |
0.45 |
0.72 |
-1.03 |
|
|
Ruiz & Moreno (1992) |
-0.60 |
0.19 |
0.44 |
0.25 |
-1.46 |
|
|
Stip et al. (1994) |
||||||
|
Studies not included |
||||||
|
Williamson et al. (1991) |
||||||
|
Macleod Tata & Mathews (1987) |
||||||
|
Hill & Kemp-Wheeler (1989) |
||||||
|
Matthews & Southall (1991) -- short |
-0.30 |
0.20 |
0.45 |
0.58 |
-1.18 |
|
|
Stip et al. (1992) |
||||||
|
Aggregate Information |
-0.263239 |
0.016871 |
0.13 |
-0.01 |
-0.52 |
* |
|
from coded studies |
d. |
v. |
||||

APPENDIX B
AFFECTIVE LEXICAL DECISION STUDIES EMPLOYING
DEPRESSED INDIVIDUALS
|
Descriptive Information |
Stimuli |
||||||
|
Average |
Proportion |
# stim |
# stim |
# stim |
|||
|
Included Studies |
SOA |
Instrument |
Age |
Females |
neutral |
neg |
pos |
|
Bradley et al. (1994) |
4000 |
STAI-trait(rBDI) |
36.0 |
36.0 |
36.0 |
||
|
Matthews & Southall (1991) - long |
1500 |
BDI; FEIGHNER CRT |
0.70 |
80.0 |
80.0 |
80.0 |
|
|
Ruiz & Moreno (1992) |
1000 |
BDI |
1.00 |
12.0 |
12.0 |
||
|
Stip et al. (1994) |
INF |
DSM-III, RDC, HAM |
35.00 |
28.0 |
28.0 |
||
|
Studies Not Included |
|||||||
|
Macleod Tata & Mathews (1987) |
INF |
HOSPITALIZED |
31.0 |
31.0 |
31.0 |
||
|
Matthews & Southall (1991) – short |
240 |
BDI; FEIGHNER CRT |
80.0 |
80.0 |
80.0 |
||
|
Stip et al. (1992) |
INF |
DSM-III, RDC, HAM |
35.00 |
28.0 |
28.0 |
||
|
Aggregate Information |
48 |
31.2 |
|||||
|
from coded studies |
|||||||
|
Raw Data |
|||||||
|
mean |
st dev |
mean |
st dev |
mean |
st dev |
||
|
Included Studies |
rt neut |
rt neut |
rt neg |
rt neg |
rt pos |
rt pos |
n |
|
Bradley et al. (1994) |
644.0 |
99.0 |
647.0 |
113.0 |
631.0 |
87.0 |
27 |
|
Matthews & Southall (1991) - long |
708.0 |
98.0 |
784.0 |
98.0 |
786.0 |
185.8 |
10 |
|
Ruiz & Moreno (1992) |
1018.5 |
186.1 |
1041.4 |
202.2 |
9 |
||
|
Stip et al. (1994) |
1065.0 |
422.2 |
1095.0 |
436.4 |
11 |
||
|
Studies Not Included |
|||||||
|
Macleod Tata & Mathews (1987) |
940.0 |
969.0 |
918.0 |
16 |
|||
|
Matthews & Southall (1991) – short |
851.0 |
150.1 |
801.0 |
138.2 |
771.0 |
162.1 |
10 |
|
Stip et al. (1992) |
1065.0 |
442.5 |
1096.0 |
456.7 |
11 |
||
|
Aggregate Information |
5.107 |
||||||
|
from coded studies |
Q (df=2) |
|
Negative versus Neutral Contrast |
|||||||
|
Raw Metric |
|||||||
|
Included Studies |
var Di |
samp var Di |
SE |
Di |
Dub |
Dlb |
Sig |
|
Bradley et al. (1994) |
4576.83 |
169.51 |
13.02 |
3.00 |
28.52 |
-22.52 |
|
|
Matthews & Southall (1991) - long |
3759.39 |
375.94 |
19.39 |
76.00 |
114.00 |
38.00 |
* |
|
Ruiz & Moreno (1992) |
|||||||
|
Stip et al. (1994) |
1873.22 |
170.29 |
13.05 |
30.00 |
55.58 |
4.42 |
* |
|
Studies Not Included |
|||||||
|
Macleod Tata & Mathews (1987) |
29.00 |
||||||
|
Matthews & Southall (1991) – short |
4700.67 |
470.07 |
21.68 |
-50.00 |
-7.51 |
-92.49 |
* |
|
Stip et al. (1992) |
79352.05 |
7213.82 |
84.93 |
31.00 |
197.47 |
-135.47 |
|
|
Aggregate Information |
3786.95211 |
69.29 |
8.32 |
27.44169 |
43.76 |
11.13 |
* |
|
from coded studies |
61.5382167 |
V. |
D. |
||||
|
Standardized Metric |
||||||
|
Included Studies |
di |
vi |
SE(di) |
di_ub |
di_lb |
Sig |
|
Bradley et al. (1994) |
0.04 |
0.07 |
0.27 |
0.58 |
-0.49 |
|
|
Matthews & Southall (1991) - long |
1.24 |
0.24 |
0.49 |
2.20 |
0.28 |
* |
|
Ruiz & Moreno (1992) |
||||||
|
Stip et al. (1994) |
0.69 |
0.19 |
0.44 |
1.55 |
-0.17 |
|
|
Studies Not Included |
||||||
|
Macleod Tata & Mathews (1987) |
||||||
|
Matthews & Southall (1991) – short |
-0.73 |
0.21 |
0.46 |
0.18 |
-1.63 |
|
|
Stip et al. (1992) |
0.11 |
0.18 |
0.43 |
0.95 |
-0.73 |
|
|
Aggregate Information |
0.41058 |
0.043707 |
0.21 |
0.82 |
0.00 |
* |
|
from coded studies |
d. |
v. |
||||
|
Positive v. Neutral Contrast |
|||||||
|
Raw Metric |
samp |
||||||
|
Included Studies |
var Di |
var Di |
SE |
Di |
Dub |
Dlb |
Sig |
|
Bradley et al. (1994) |
6279.90 |
232.59 |
15.25 |
-13.00 |
16.89 |
-42.89 |
|
|
Matthews & Southall (1991) - long |
20671.55 |
2067.16 |
45.47 |
78.00 |
167.11 |
-11.11 |
|
|
Ruiz & Moreno (1992) |
|||||||
|
Stip et al. (1994) |
|||||||
|
Studies Not Included |
|||||||
|
Macleod Tata & Mathews (1987) |
-22.00 |
||||||
|
Matthews & Southall (1991) – short |
7144.22 |
714.42 |
26.73 |
-80.00 |
-27.61 |
-132.39 |
* |
|
Stip et al. (1992) |
|||||||
|
Aggregate Information |
1.77229656 |
209.07 |
14.46 |
-3.79654 |
24.54 |
-32.14 |
|
|
from coded studies |
Q (df=1) |
V. |
D. |
||||
|
Standardized Metric |
||||||
|
Included Studies |
di |
vi |
SE(di) |
di_ub |
di_lb |
Sig |
|
Bradley et al. (1994) |
-0.16 |
0.07 |
0.27 |
0.37 |
-0.70 |
|
|
Matthews & Southall (1991) - long |
0.54 |
0.21 |
0.46 |
1.44 |
-0.35 |
|
|
Ruiz & Moreno (1992) |
||||||
|
Stip et al. (1994) |
||||||
|
Studies Not Included |
||||||
|
Macleod Tata & Mathews (1987) |
||||||
|
Matthews & Southall (1991) – short |
-0.95 |
0.22 |
0.47 |
-0.02 |
-1.87 |
* |
|
Stip et al. (1992) |
||||||
|
Aggregate Information |
0.0224 |
0.0547126 |
0.23 |
0.48 |
-0.44 |
|
|
from coded studies |
d. |
v. |
||||
|
Positive v. Negative Contrast |
|||||||
|
Raw Metric |
|||||||
|
Included Studies |
var Di |
samp var Di |
SE |
Di |
Dub |
Dlb |
Sig |
|
Bradley et al. (1994) |
7030.76 |
260.40 |
16.14 |
-16.00 |
15.63 |
-47.63 |
|
|
Matthews & Southall (1991) - long |
19470.30 |
1947.03 |
44.13 |
2.00 |
88.49 |
-84.49 |
|
|
Ruiz & Moreno (1992) |
24582.87 |
2731.43 |
52.26 |
22.91 |
125.35 |
-79.53 |
|
|
Stip et al. (1994) |
|||||||
|
Studies Not Included |
|||||||
|
Macleod Tata & Mathews (1987) |
-51.00 |
||||||
|
Matthews & Southall (1991) – short |
3905.11 |
390.51 |
19.76 |
-30.00 |
8.73 |
-68.73 |
|
|
Stip et al. (1992) |
|||||||
|
Aggregate Information |
0.4390022 |
211.87 |
14.56 |
-11.02326 |
17.51 |
-39.55 |
|
|
from coded studies |
Q (df=2) |
V. |
D. |
||||
|
Standardized Metric |
||||||
|
Included Studies |
di |
vi |
SE(di) |
di_ub |
di_lb |
Sig |
|
Bradley et al. (1994) |
-0.19 |
0.07 |
0.27 |
0.34 |
-0.73 |
|
|
Matthews & Southall (1991) - long |
0.01 |
0.20 |
0.45 |
0.89 |
-0.86 |
|
|
Ruiz & Moreno (1992) |
0.15 |
0.22 |
0.47 |
1.07 |
-0.78 |
|
|
Stip et al. (1994) |
||||||
|
Studies Not Included |
||||||
|
Macleod Tata & Mathews (1987) |
||||||
|
Matthews & Southall (1991) – short |
-0.48 |
0.21 |
0.45 |
0.41 |
-1.37 |
|
|
Stip et al. (1992) |
||||||
|
Aggregate Information |
-0.080121 |
0.0436172 |
0.21 |
0.33 |
-0.49 |
|
|
from coded studies |
d. |
v. |
||||

APPENDIX C
AFFECTIVE LEXICAL DECISION STUDIES EMPLOYING
INDUCED DEPRESSED INDIVIDUALS
|
Descriptive Information |
Stimuli |
||||||
|
Average |
Proportion |
# stim |
# stim |
# stim |
|||
|
Included Studies |
SOA |
Instrument |
Age |
Females |
neutral |
neg |
pos |
|
Challis & Krane (1988) |
2000 |
BDI->MAACL(mood) |
0.63 |
18.0 |
18.0 |
18.0 |
|
|
Niedenthal & Setterland (1994) Avg |
3000 |
BMIS |
0.74 |
6.0 |
6.0 |
6.0 |
|
|
Ruiz & Moreno (1992) |
1000 |
BDI |
1.00 |
12.0 |
12.0 |
||
|
Studies Not Included |
|||||||
|
Clark et al., 1983 |
INF |
SELF REPT |
19.70 |
1.00 |
8.0 |
8.0 |
8.0 |
|
Niedenthal & Setterland (1994) Left |
3000 |
BMIS |
0.74 |
6.0 |
6.0 |
6.0 |
|
|
Niedenthal & Setterland (1994) Right |
3000 |
BMIS |
0.74 |
6.0 |
6.0 |
6.0 |
|
|
Aggregate Information |
|||||||
|
from coded studies |
|||||||
|
Raw Data |
|||||||
|
mean |
st dev |
mean |
st dev |
mean |
st dev |
||
|
Included Studies |
rt neut |
rt neut |
rt neg |
rt neg |
rt pos |
rt pos |
n |
|
Challis & Krane (1988) |
977.0 |
213.0 |
861.0 |
153.0 |
845.0 |
185.0 |
13.0 |
|
Niedenthal & Setterland (1994) Avg |
575.98 |
91.99 |
603.395 |
102.01 |
556.815 |
96.065 |
15.5 |
|
Ruiz & Moreno (1992) |
976.9 |
227.0 |
948.1 |
182.6 |
11.0 |
||
|
Studies Not Included |
|||||||
|
Clark et al., 1983 |
1015.5 |
979.3 |
895.9 |
10.0 |
|||
|
Niedenthal & Setterland (1994) Left |
540.4 |
87.0 |
578.0 |
99.9 |
540.1 |
79.9 |
16.0 |
|
Niedenthal & Setterland (1994) Right |
611.5 |
97.0 |
628.8 |
104.2 |
573.5 |
112.3 |
15.0 |
|
Aggregate Information |
6.064 |
||||||
|
from coded studies |
Q (df=1) |
|
Negative versus Neutral Contrast |
|||||||
|
Raw Metric |
samp var |
||||||
|
Included Studies |
var Di |
Di |
SE |
Di |
Dub |
Dlb |
Sig |
|
Challis & Krane (1988) |
16361.85 |
1258.60 |
35.48 |
-116.00 |
-46.47 |
-185.53 |
* |
|
Niedenthal & Setterland (1994) Avg |
3775.14 |
243.56 |
15.61 |
27.42 |
58.00 |
-3.17 |
|
|
Ruiz & Moreno (1992) |
|||||||
|
Studies Not Included |
|||||||
|
Clark et al., 1983 |
-36.20 |
||||||
|
Niedenthal & Setterland (1994) Left |
3568.53 |
223.03 |
14.93 |
37.53 |
66.80 |
8.26 |
* |
|
Niedenthal & Setterland (1994) Right |
4005.96 |
267.06 |
16.34 |
17.30 |
49.33 |
-14.73 |
|
|
Aggregate Information |
204.07 |
14.29 |
4.162005 |
32.16 |
-23.84 |
|
|
|
from coded studies |
V. |
D. |
|||||
|
Standardized Metric |
||||||
|
Included Studies |
di |
vi |
SE(di) |
di_ub |
di_lb |
Sig |
|
Challis & Krane (1988) |
-0.91 |
0.17 |
0.41 |
-0.10 |
-1.71 |
* |
|
Niedenthal & Setterland (1994) Avg |
0.45 |
0.13 |
0.36 |
1.16 |
-0.27 |
|
|
Ruiz & Moreno (1992) |
||||||
|
Studies Not Included |
||||||
|
Clark et al., 1983 |
||||||
|
Niedenthal & Setterland (1994) Left |
0.63 |
0.13 |
0.36 |
1.34 |
-0.08 |
|
|
Niedenthal & Setterland (1994) Right |
0.27 |
0.13 |
0.37 |
0.99 |
-0.45 |
|
|
Aggregate Information |
-0.1465 |
0.074317 |
0.27 |
0.39 |
-0.68 |
|
|
from coded studies |
d. |
v. |
||||
|
Positive v. Neutral Contrast |
|||||||
|
Raw Metric |
samp var |
||||||
|
Included Studies |
var Di |
Di |
SE |
Di |
Dub |
Dlb |
Sig |
|
Challis & Krane (1988) |
28856.12 |
2219.70 |
47.11 |
-132.00 |
-39.66 |
-224.34 |
* |
|
Niedenthal & Setterland (1994) Avg |
6312.10 |
407.23 |
20.18 |
-19.17 |
20.39 |
-58.72 |
|
|
Ruiz & Moreno (1992) |
|||||||
|
Studies Not Included |
|||||||
|
Clark et al., 1983 |
-119.60 |
||||||
|
Niedenthal & Setterland (1994) Left |
5002.74 |
312.67 |
17.68 |
-0.31 |
34.35 |
-34.97 |
|
|
Niedenthal & Setterland (1994) Right |
7988.87 |
532.59 |
23.08 |
-38.02 |
7.21 |
-83.25 |
|
|
Aggregate Information |
0.97187541 |
344.10 |
18.55 |
-36.6569 |
-0.30 |
-73.01 |
* |
|
from coded studies |
Q (df=1) |
V. |
D. |
||||
|
Standardized Metric |
||||||
|
Included Studies |
di |
vi |
SE(di) |
di_ub |
di_lb |
Sig |
|
Challis & Krane (1988) |
-0.78 |
0.17 |
0.41 |
0.02 |
-1.57 |
|
|
Niedenthal & Setterland (1994) Avg |
-0.24 |
0.13 |
0.36 |
0.47 |
-0.95 |
|
|
Ruiz & Moreno (1992) |
||||||
|
Studies Not Included |
||||||
|
Clark et al., 1983 |
||||||
|
Niedenthal & Setterland (1994) Left |
0.00 |
0.13 |
0.35 |
0.69 |
-0.70 |
|
|
Niedenthal & Setterland (1994) Right |
-0.43 |
0.14 |
0.37 |
0.30 |
-1.15 |
|
|
Aggregate Information |
-0.477 |
0.1654581 |
0.41 |
0.32 |
-1.27 |
|
|
from coded studies |
d. |
v. |
||||
|
Positive v. Negative Contrast |
|||||||
|
Raw Metric |
|||||||
|
Included Studies |
var Di |
samp var Di |
SE |
Di |
Dub |
Dlb |
Sig |
|
Challis & Krane (1988) |
19320.35 |
1486.18 |
38.55 |
-16.00 |
59.56 |
-91.56 |
|
|
Niedenthal & Setterland (1994) Avg |
6369.80 |
410.95 |
20.27 |
-46.58 |
-6.85 |
-86.31 |
* |
|
Ruiz & Moreno (1992) |
28760.31 |
2614.57 |
51.13 |
-28.81 |
71.41 |
-129.03 |
|
|
Studies Not Included |
|||||||
|
Clark et al., 1983 |
-83.40 |
||||||
|
Niedenthal & Setterland (1994) Left |
5555.84 |
347.24 |
18.63 |
-37.84 |
-1.32 |
-74.36 |
* |
|
Niedenthal & Setterland (1994) Right |
7624.24 |
508.28 |
22.55 |
-55.32 |
-11.13 |
-99.51 |
* |
|
Aggregate Information |
0.9106358 |
286.64 |
16.93 |
-38.73387 |
-5.55 |
-71.92 |
* |
|
from coded studies |
Q (df=2) |
V. |
D. |
||||
|
Standardized Metric |
||||||
|
Included Studies |
di |
vi |
SE(di) |
di_ub |
di_lb |
Sig |
|
Challis & Krane (1988) |
-0.12 |
0.15 |
0.39 |
0.65 |
-0.88 |
|
|
Niedenthal & Setterland (1994) Avg |
-0.58 |
0.13 |
0.37 |
0.14 |
-1.30 |
|
|
Ruiz & Moreno (1992) |
-0.17 |
0.18 |
0.43 |
0.67 |
-1.01 |
|
|
Studies Not Included |
||||||
|
Clark et al., 1983 |
||||||
|
Niedenthal & Setterland (1994) Left |
-0.51 |
0.13 |
0.36 |
0.20 |
-1.21 |
|
|
Niedenthal & Setterland (1994) Right |
-0.63 |
0.14 |
0.37 |
0.10 |
-1.37 |
|
|
Aggregate Information |
-0.310075 |
0.0515385 |
0.23 |
0.13 |
-0.76 |
|
|
from coded studies |
d. |
v. |
||||

APPENDIX D
WORD LISTS USED IN THE EXPERIMENT
| Word List 1 | Word List 2 | ||||||
| Word | Valence | length | Frequency | Word | Valence | length | Frequency |
| amazed | positive | 6 | 10 | carefree | positive | 8 | 10 |
| bliss | positive | 5 | 4 | cheer | positive | 5 | 10 |
| excited | positive | 7 | 21 | excited | positive | 7 | 21 |
| happy | positive | 5 | 97 | glorious | positive | 8 | 16 |
| laugh | positive | 5 | 22 | hopeful | positive | 7 | 12 |
| medal | positive | 5 | 11 | joke | positive | 4 | 27 |
| pleased | positive | 7 | 30 | medal | positive | 5 | 11 |
| relieved | positive | 8 | 21 | pleasant | positive | 8 | 35 |
| vitality | positive | 8 | 17 | tender | positive | 6 | 11 |
| warmth | positive | 6 | 28 | vitality | positive | 8 | 17 |
| ashamed | negative | 7 | 17 | burden | negative | 6 | 44 |
| depressed | negative | 9 | 11 | curse | negative | 5 | 10 |
| doom | negative | 4 | 10 | despair | negative | 7 | 20 |
| failure | negative | 7 | 93 | gloom | negative | 5 | 14 |
| fright | negative | 6 | 2 | grave | negative | 5 | 19 |
| helpless | negative | 8 | 21 | grief | negative | 5 | 10 |
| hopeless | negative | 8 | 14 | hopeless | negative | 8 | 14 |
| poverty | negative | 7 | 20 | regret | negative | 6 | 6 |
| tears | negative | 5 | 34 | upset | negative | 5 | 16 |
| unhappy | negative | 7 | 26 | worry | negative | 5 | 27 |
| context | neutral | 7 | 37 | brandy | neutral | 6 | 7 |
| library | neutral | 7 | 20 | herd | neutral | 4 | 26 |
| margin | neutral | 6 | 16 | hypothesis | neutral | 10 | 22 |
| moth | neutral | 4 | 1 | kitty | neutral | 5 | 12 |
| package | neutral | 7 | 14 | maple | neutral | 6 | 10 |
| pave | neutral | 4 | 2 | mention | neutral | 7 | 18 |
| recruit | neutral | 7 | 17 | recruit | neutral | 7 | 17 |
| replace | neutral | 7 | 87 | salad | neutral | 5 | 12 |
| slope | neutral | 5 | 19 | total | neutral | 5 | 25 |
| submarine | neutral | 9 | 15 | transfer | neutral | 8 | 43 |

APPENDIX E
STIMULI USED FOR THE SIMULATIONS
# Input layer consists of random vector 18 long # This leads to determined hidden layer # which leads to output which has WORD and VALENCE components # Hidden projects to WORD which projects to VALENCE # # WORD : 18 long # VALENCE : + - # INTENSITY : YES/NO 0aaa0aa0aa00a0a0a0 aa00a00aa0aa0000aaa0 # + 0 a000a0000a000aa00a aa0a0a00a00a00a0a0a0 # + 1 00a000a0aaa0a0aa0a 00000aaaa0aa000000a0 # + 2 a00aa0aa0a0a000aaa 0aa00aa000a0a000aaa0 # + 3 0aaaa0aa0aaa00a00a a0a0000a00aaa00000a0 # + 4 00a0aa0a00aa0a00a0 0aa0a0a00a0a000000a0 # + 5 0a00aaaaaa00a00000 000aa00a0000a0aa0a0a # - 6 0aa0a0a0000aa00a0a 00a000a000a0aaaaa00a # - 7 0aa0aa00a00aa0aa0a a000a000000a0a0aa00a # - 8 0a0a00aa0a0aaaa00a 000aa00000a00aaaaa0a # - 9 00aaa0aaaa0a0a0aaa 0aa0a0aaa0a0aa000a0a # - 10 000a00aaaa000000a0 0a00a00aaa000aaa0a0a # - 11 aaaaa00a0aaa0a0a00 aaa0a0aaaaaaa0aa0a00 # N 12 a0a00000a000aaa000 a0a0a0aaa0a000a00a00 # N 13 0a0aaaaa0aa0aa0aa0 0aaaa0aaaa000a00a000 # N 14 00a0000a0a00a0aa00 aa0a00a00a0a0a000000 # N 15 aaa00a0aaaa0a00aa0 a0aa00aaa0aaaaa0aa00 # N 16 000aaaa000aa0aaaaa 00aa00a0a00a000aa000 # N 17 aa00a00a0aaaaa0aa0 0a00aaaa000000aaa0a0 # + 18 0a00aa0aaaa00aa0aa 0aa0aaa00a00aaa0a0a0 # + 19 a00aa00a00a00a000a 0a0aa0a000000aa00aa0 # + 20 a000aa0a000a0a0000 00aaa000aaa00aa000a0 # + 21 0aaa0a000a00aa0a00 0aaaa0aaa00a0aa0a0a0 # + 22 a00a00aaaaaaa0a000 0a0000aa000000a000a0 # + 23 0a00a000000000a0a0 00000000aa0a00aaaa0a # - 24 00000a0aa0a0a000aa a0aa00a000a0000aa00a # - 25 a00aaaaaa00a00aaa0 a0a0000aa00a0aa0aa0a # - 26 a00aa0000a0000a000 00aa0a0aa000aaa0aa0a # - 27 0a0aaa000aaa000000 a000a00aa000a000a00a # - 28 000aaaaa0000a0aa0a 0a0a00a0aaa000aa000a # - 29 0000aa00a0000aa0a0 aaa000aa00aa00000a00 # N 30 0a0aa0aaaaaa0a0a00 aa000aa000aa0a0a0a00 # N 31 aa000aa0a0a000000a aa0a000aaaa000000000 # N 32 000a00a0a0aaa0a0a0 000a000a00a0aaaa0a00 # N 33 0a0a0000a00a0a0a0a 00aaaa0aa00000aaa000 # N 34 0aaaa0aaaaa0aaa000 a00aa0a00a0aaa00aa00 # N 35 555555555555555555 5555555555555555550a # just negativity 36 555555555555555555 555555555555555555a0 # just positivity 37 555555555555555555 55555555555555555500 # just neutrality 38 0aaaa0aaaaa0aaa000 a00aa0a00a0aaa00aa00 # NW 39 0aaa0a0aa0a0a00aa0 a0aa00aa0a000aaa0a00 # NW 40 0aa0000aaa00000aa0 000a0a0a0a0a00aaaa00 # NW 41 a0a000a00aa000000a aaa000a0a000a0aaa000 # NW 42 a0a00a00aaa00000aa 0aa000aaa000a00aa000 # NW 43 0aa00a0a0aaaa00aaa a0a00a000aa0a0aaa000 # NW 44 aa0a0aa00a0aaa00aa 000aaa0a00aa000a0a00 # NW 45